What does 'Metta' refer to in Buddhism?

In Buddhism, 'Metta' specifically refers to the concept of loving-kindness, which embodies an altruistic and unconditional love towards all beings. This quality is foundational in Buddhist practice, emphasizing the importance of fostering a genuine wish for the happiness and well-being of others. Metta is not limited to a feeling of affection but is an active and selfless commitment to ensure the welfare of others, transcending personal attachments or biases.

It is cultivated through practices such as meditation, where one directs loving-kindness first towards oneself and then outward to friends, acquaintances, and even those with whom one might have conflicts, ultimately encompassing all sentient beings. This practice is intended to reduce negative feelings such as anger and resentment, promoting peace and harmony within both the individual and the community.

While concepts like Buddhist joy (which could refer to the shared joy found in communal or spiritual experiences), equanimity (which relates to mental stability and neutrality in the face of life’s challenges), and compassion (which emphasizes empathy and the desire to relieve suffering) are essential in Buddhism, they do not encapsulate the specific notion of 'Metta' as loving-kindness does.