What does "Tikkun Olam" refer to in Judaism?

Tikkun Olam, which translates to "repairing the world," is a fundamental concept in Judaism that emphasizes the importance of social justice, ethical behavior, and community responsibility. It refers specifically to acts of kindness, compassion, and social action aimed at making the world a better place. This idea encourages individuals to take proactive steps to address societal issues, promote equality, and contribute positively to their communities.

The concept of Tikkun Olam highlights how personal actions can lead to collective healing and improvement in society, reinforcing the notion that everyone has a role to play in creating a just and harmonious world. This is why the answer focused on acts of kindness is the most fitting interpretation within the broader understanding of Jewish teachings and ethical obligations.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the meaning of Tikkun Olam. The study of Jewish laws pertains to a different aspect of Jewish life, while a time for reflection and prayer and the process of mourning the deceased relate to specific rituals and practices that serve different purposes within Jewish tradition.