What is Karma in the context of Hinduism and Buddhism?

In the context of Hinduism and Buddhism, karma is understood as the law of cause and effect, which asserts that a person's actions have direct consequences that influence their future, particularly in terms of rebirth. This principle is foundational to both religions and emphasizes moral behavior; good actions lead to positive outcomes, while negative actions result in adverse consequences. Therefore, an individual's current circumstances, including their position in life and next rebirth, are the results of their previous actions.

This understanding of karma extends beyond a mere transactional relationship; it incorporates the nuances of intention and ethical living. In Hinduism, karma is intricately related to the concept of dharma, or duty, guiding individuals toward actions that adhere to moral and ethical standards. Meanwhile, in Buddhism, karma plays a vital role in understanding the cycle of samsara (the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth), shaping the journey towards enlightenment.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of karma. The notion of destiny as predetermined by the stars reflects astrological beliefs that differ from the karmic understanding of personal agency. A religious obligation to family pertains to duties and responsibilities rather than the broader implications of actions affecting future rebirths. Lastly, an expression of divine will suggests external control,