Which principle is central to Confucianism?

The principle of maintaining harmony and moral order is central to Confucianism, as it emphasizes the importance of social relationships and ethical behavior within those relationships. Confucianism teaches that a well-ordered society is built upon virtuous individuals who act in accordance with moral principles and responsibilities, especially in familial and communal contexts.

Confucius believed that harmony is essential for social stability, and he stressed the concept of ‘Ren’ (仁), which refers to humaneness or benevolence, as a foundational value. This principle is embodied in the relationships among people, such as those between ruler and subject, parent and child, and husband and wife, where there are expectations and prescribed behaviors to enhance harmony.

The other options do not capture the essence of Confucian ideals effectively. Faith in a supreme being is more associated with religions like Christianity or Islam, rather than Confucianism, which is largely secular and focuses on human relationships. Practicing physical fitness, while important, is not a central tenet of Confucian thought. Lastly, reverence for the past does resonate with Confucian respect for tradition and ancestors but does not encapsulate the broader, more fundamental principle of harmony and moral order that underlies the school's teachings