Which term refers to individuals who exist outside the caste system in Hindu society?

The term that refers to individuals who exist outside the caste system in Hindu society is "Untouchables." In the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy, individuals classified as Untouchables, also known as Dalits, are marginalized and face social discrimination. They are placed outside the four primary varnas (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras) and often historically performed tasks considered impure or polluting, such as manual scavenging, which contributed to their exclusion from mainstream society.

Understanding the context of the caste system is crucial in recognizing why this term is significant. Unlike the groups like Brahmins, who are considered priests and scholars, or Vaishyas, who are merchants and landowners, Untouchables have been subjected to systemic oppression and have been denied basic rights and social privileges. Their status reflects the deeply ingrained social stratifications within Hindu society.

This makes the term "Untouchables" the correct answer as it encapsulates the existence and the struggles of those living outside the traditional caste categories, highlighting ongoing issues related to social justice and equality in contemporary discussions about caste in India.